Preface
This is the first edition of the CSA Standard C448 Series, Design and Installation of Earth Energy Systems. It replaces CSA Standards CAN/CSA-C445-M92, Design and Installation of Earth Energy Heat Pump Systems for Residential and Other Small Buildings, and C447-94, Design and Installation of Earth Energy Heat Pump Systems for Commercial and Institutional Buildings.
Since CSA Standards CAN/CSA-C445 and C447 were last published, significant experience has been acquired in installation practices, thus warranting a review and a revision of the two documents. A survey of industry stakeholders conducted in 1999 identified a number of areas where change was needed.
The new CSA Standard C448 Series consists of three parts: C448.1, Design and Installation of Earth Energy Systems for Commercial and Institutional Buildings; C448.2, Design and Installation of Earth Energy Systems for Residential and Other Small Buildings; and C448.3, Design and Installation of Underground Thermal Energy Storage Systems for Commercial and Institutional Buildings. C448.1 contains requirements applicable to any system within the scope of the C448 Series. C448.2 has alternative requirements for houses and small buildings. For systems within the scope of C448.2, either C448.1 or C448.2 may be followed. C448.3 has been added to complement this series of Standards and applies to the intentional storage of energy in the earth for later use — underground thermal energy storage (UTES). In order to familiarize readers with the UTES technology, an introduction has been included in the C448.3 Standard.
The Canadian Standards Association acknowledges the financial assistance provided by the Natural Resources Canada, the Ontario Ministry of Energy, the Canadian Electricity Association, B.C. Hydro, Hydro Quebec, Manitoba Hydro and Fortis BC in the development of this Standard.
This Standard was prepared by the Subcommittee on Earth Energy Heat Pump Systems, under the jurisdiction of the Technical Committee on Renewables and the Strategic Steering Committee on Performance, Energy Efficiency, and Renewables, and has been formally approved by the Technical Committee. It will be submitted to the Standards Council of Canada for approval as a National Standard of Canada.
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C448.1-02 - Design and Installation of Earth Energy Systems for Commercial and Institutional Buildings
Scope
1.1
This Standard applies to direct-expansion ground-source heat pumps and unitary single-package or split-system liquid-source and ground-source heat pumps using groundwater, submerged heat exchangers, or ground-heat exchangers as a thermal source or sink for heating and/or cooling, with or without a supplementary heating source.
1.2
This Standard applies to new and retrofit installations.
1.3
This Standard covers minimum requirements for equipment and material selection, site survey, system design, installation, testing and verification, documentation, and commissioning and decommissioning.
1.4
1.4.1
This Standard does not apply to standing-column-well earth energy systems.
1.4.2
For DX systems, references to water and/or antifreeze in this Standard do not apply because DX systems do not use water or antifreeze.
1.5
The values given in SI (metric) units are the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6
In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, ie, a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the Standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard. Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material. Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements. Legends to equations and figures are considered requirements.
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C448.2-02 - Design and Installation of Earth Energy Systems for Residential and Other Small Buildings
Scope
1.1
This Standard applies to direct-expansion ground-source heat pumps and unitary single-package or split-system liquid-source and ground-source heat pumps for single dwelling residential applications and buildings that meet the requirements of Part 9 of the National Building Code of Canada and using groundwater, submerged heat exchangers, or ground-heat exchangers as a thermal source or sink for heating and/or cooling, with or without a supplementary heating source. Where appropriate, CSA Standard C448.1 may be used in lieu of CSA Standard C448.2.
1.2
This Standard applies to new and retrofit installations.
1.3
This Standard covers system design, equipment selection, minimum installation requirements, test protocol, and information to be provided to the user and the equipment manufacturer.
1.4
1.4.1
This Standard does not apply to standing-column-well earth energy systems.
1.4.2
For DX systems, references to water and/or antifreeze in this Standard do not apply because DX systems do not use water or antifreeze.
1.5
The values given in SI (metric) units are the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6
In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, ie, a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the Standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard. Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material. Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements. Legends to equations and figures are considered requirements.
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CAN/CSA-C448.3-02 -Design and Installation of Underground Thermal Energy Storage Systems for Commercial and Institutional Buildings
Scope
1.1
This Standard applies to underground thermal energy storage systems (UTES) for space heating and cooling of all building types, and agricultural and industrial process cooling.
1.2
This Standard applies to new and retrofit installations, and additions to existing installations.
1.3
This Standard covers minimum requirements for equipment and material selection, site survey, system design, installation, testing and verification, design documentation, and start-up.
1.4
1.4.1
This Standard does not apply to standing column well earth energy systems.
1.4.2
For DX systems, references to water and/or antifreeze in this Standard do not apply because DX systems do not use water or antifreeze.
1.5
The values given in SI (metric) units are the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.