Preface
This is the second edition of CSA S304.1, Design of masonry structures. It supersedes the previous edition, published in 1994 under the title Masonry Design for Buildings (Limit States Design).
This is a limit states design standard. The working stress design version, CSA S304-M84, has been withdrawn. An earlier version of CSA S304 had been issued in 1977 (imperial version) and 1978 (metric version).
Major changes have been made in this edition. The empirical design requirements are now contained in an annex. Other major changes include
(a) new and revised test methods;
(b) the incorporation of a revised version of CSA A369.1 into an annex;
(c) new and revised seismic provisions;
(d) revised reinforcement provisions;
(e) revised load factors and load combination equations in accordance with changes in the National Building Code of Canada;
(f) an increased resistance factor for masonry;
(g) new concentrated bearing resistance provisions;
(h) revised serviceability requirements for walls and columns;
(i) new design provisions for two-way action of unreinforced masonry wall panels subject to lateral loading (flexural walls);
(j) new design provisions for composite walls;
(k) new design provisions for masonry infill walls acting as shear walls;
(l) revised sliding shear capacity of walls;
(m) revised shear capacity of beams;
(n) revised tying and deflection requirements for masonry veneer;
(o) new empirical design requirements for anchorage and for shear walls;
(p) prestressed masonry provisions for beams, walls, and columns;
(q) new provisions for fibre-reinforced polymer used as reinforcement; and
(r) new provisions for dimension cut stone and manufactured stone veneer.
Masonry Canada and the Canadian Masonry Contractors’ Association provided funding for the development of this Standard.
This Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee on Masonry Design, under the jurisdiction of the Strategic Steering Committee on Structures (Design), and has been formally approved by the Technical Committee.
Scope
1.1
This Standard provides requirements for the structural design of unreinforced, reinforced, and prefabricated masonry structures and components in accordance with the limit states design method of the National Building Code of Canada. This Standard also provides requirements for the structural design of prestressed masonry beams, walls, and columns in accordance with the limit states design method of the National Building Code of Canada. In addition, this Standard provides requirements for the empirical design of unreinforced masonry in Annex F.
Note: This Standard assumes that review of the structural work designed under this Standard and review of the inspection and test results required by this Standard will be carried out during construction by the designer or another suitably qualified person to determine general conformance with the design.
1.2
Requirements for mortar and grout for unit masonry, masonry connectors, and masonry construction are specified in CSA A179, A370, and A371, respectively. These Standards include requirements that affect the design and are required for use with this Standard.
1.3
This Standard does not apply to the structural design of vehicular bridges.
1.4
This Standard applies to the structural design of partitions subject to unusual loads such as wind loads, significant internal air pressure differences, or large eccentric loads mounted to the wall. Where it can be shown that the masonry partitions are not subjected to these unusual loads, the masonry partitions may be designed using Annex F.
1.5
This Standard does not apply to the structural design of thin veneers individually secured by mortar adhesion to a structural support or to the structural design of rough stone veneer. See CSA A371 for prescriptive requirements and limitations.
1.6
This Standard does not apply to the structural design of rubble stone masonry, except as covered in Annex F. See CSA A371 for prescriptive requirements.
1.7
In CSA Standards, shall is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; should is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; may is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the standard; and can is used to express possibility or capability. Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material. Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements. Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.
