Preface
This is the fifth edition of CSA Z94.1, Industrial protective headwear - Performance, selection, care, and use. It supersedes the previous editions published in 1992, 1977, and 1966 under the title Industrial Protective Headwear. It also supersedes the Preliminary Standard published in 1965 and replaces the protective headwear requirements specified in CSA Z94-1948, Code for Head and Eye Protection.
This edition incorporates several changes:
(a) Industrial head protection has been reclassified into two types, Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 protective headwear provides impact and penetration protection for the crown only. Type 2 protective headwear provides impact and penetration protection laterally as well as for the crown. In the previous edition of this Standard, no such distinction was drawn, i.e., all industrial protective headwear was required to provide impact and penetration protection equivalent to Type 2. The distinction between Type 1 and Type 2 is reflected in this edition’s impact and penetration protection performance requirements, which differ for each type. All other performance requirements in this edition apply equally to both types.
(b) Requirements for headwear selection, care, and use have been added (Clause 5). These requirements have been provided specifically for end-users and are printed on yellow paper for ease of reference. Clause 5 advises end-users to conduct a workplace hazard assessment to determine the appropriate type of protective headwear for their applications. It also provides guidance on the proper fitting, inspection, and maintenance of headwear.
(c) The point on the protective headwear at which the passive retention test is conducted has changed, so as not to include the peak or brim.
(d) The dielectric strength test has been revised to use solid metal spheres as inner and outer conducting media instead of tinfoil.
(e) Tests have been added to allow manufacturers to confirm that products with the suspension system mounted in the reverse position (peak facing to the back) will meet the impact and penetration performance requirements of this Standard. A mark has been added that will allow users to identify products that provide the required performance in both the reverse and forward orientations.
(f) For Type 2 protective headwear that uses a liner to protect against lateral impact, a liner ignition resistance test has been added.
(g) The flame resistance test for the shell has been changed.
(h)The chinstrap strength requirements have been deleted.
Wearing protective headwear that meets the requirements of this Standard will reduce the likelihood of injuries to the head. It should be noted, however, that there is a limit to the amount of protection provided by such headwear. It remains the responsibility of the users of this Standard to judge a headwear product’s suitability for their particular purpose and to ensure the compatibility of their headwear with associated equipment, e.g., hearing protection devices. Users should consult applicable occupational safety regulations to determine whether they impose safety requirements additional to or more stringent than those of this Standard.
This Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee on Industrial Protective Headwear, under the jurisdiction of the Strategic Steering Committee on Occupational Health and Safety, and has been formally approved by the Technical Committee. It will be submitted to the Standards Council of Canada for approval as a National Standard of Canada.
Scope
1.1
This Standard applies to protective headwear for industrial, construction, mining, utility, and forestry workers. It defines the areas of the head that are to be protected and includes basic performance requirements for dielectric strength, impact attenuation, penetration resistance, passive retention (stability), and shell flammability and liner ignition resistance.
1.2
This Standard includes requirements for and provides guidance on the selection, care, and use of protective headwear.
1.3
The tests specified in this Standard set minimum performance requirements for protective headwear but do not cover other design factors such as comfort, service life, or appearance.
Note:
Compliance with the requirements of this Standard does not imply equality of performance among different types of protective headwear, nor should it be interpreted to mean that a headwear product is capable of affording greater protection than is specified in this Standard.
1.4
This Standard does not apply to bump caps, firefighting helmets, rescue helmets, crash helmets, sports and recreation helmets, and riot control helmets.
1.5
In CSA Standards, shall is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; should is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; may is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the standard; and can is used to express possibility or capability.
Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.
Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements. Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.